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Raising Kids on the Spectrum: Sensory Processing Difficulties, Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress

"What advice would you have for parents of an autistic child exhibiting sensory regulation difficulties?"

A child's ability - or inability - to regulate sensation (i.e., the process of noticing, organizing, and integrating information from the environment and the body, and then processing and responding appropriately) significantly contributes to general behavior patterns. Problems with regulating sensory information (e.g., taste, sound, touch, smell, body movement, or body position) may lead to patterns of:
  • hypo-sensitivity or sensory-seeking behaviors (e.g., needing high levels of sensory input such as a loud noise, firm touch, repeatedly crashing into walls, banging toys in order to register the sensation, etc.)
  • hyper-sensitivity or sensory-avoidance (e.g., over-reacting to bright lights, loud noises, being held, etc.)
  • a mixed pattern of sensory-seeking and sensory-avoidance



Asperger's and High-Functioning Autistic kids with poor sensory regulation show a wide range of problems across several domains, including internalizing behavior problems, externalizing behavior problems, problems in many daily activities, and problems in emotional and attention regulation.



Here are some of the behavioral problems associated with sensory processing difficulties:
  • Academic problems: The youngster may have mild to severe learning disabilities, and problems with generalizing new concepts and skills.
  • Difficulties with self-regulation: The youngster may have difficulty with mood stability or maintaining an optimal level of arousal. She may be unable to calm herself down after an activity - or get herself going for an activity. Her arousal level may fluctuate minute-to-minute or day-to-day.
  • Difficulty with transitions: The youngster may throw a temper tantrum, be uncooperative, or experience heightened anxiety when stopping one activity and starting another. Also, he may have a difficult time leaving a particular place or going to the next task of the day (e.g., bath time, bed time, dinner, etc.).
  • Emotional problems: The youngster may have significant self-esteem issues, be overly-sensitive to criticism, transitions, or stressful situations. Also, she may have difficulty relating to others or understanding her own actions, motivation, or behavior.
  • Excessive energy level: The youngster may be unable to sit still, constantly on the run, or engage in risky behaviors.
  • Frequent hand switching: The youngster may not have a dominant hand for writing by age 5, may switch hands often while cutting or writing, or may throw a ball with both hands.
  • Impulsivity: The youngster may be unable to control impulses (e.g., to jump out of his seat) or his behavior. In addition, he may be aggressive or frequently "blurt" things out without thinking first.
  • Low energy level: The youngster may appear lethargic, uninterested in engaging in most activities, or be sedentary most of the day.
  • Low frustration tolerance: The youngster may become upset, yell or throw a temper tantrum at the slightest thing that does not go her way. She may give up on tasks easily if they are difficult for her.
  • Motor coordination problems: The youngster may appear clumsy, slouch, rest his head on his hands during desk work, exhibit awkward movements, or have frequent accidents.
  • Motor planning problems: The youngster may have difficulty with sports, riding a bike, doing jumping jacks, clapping, handwriting, balance, using eating utensils, or getting dressed.
  • Poor eye-hand coordination: The youngster may have sloppy handwriting, difficulty cutting or drawing a straight line, catching a ball, or tying shoes.
  • Resistance to the unfamiliar: The youngster may experience anxiety or refuse to meet new people, try new foods, participate in new activities, or sleep in a different environment.
  • Short attention span: The youngster may have difficulty concentrating on one activity or task for any length of time, and she be distracted by every sight, sound, smell, or movement she sees.
  • Social skills deficits: The youngster may have a difficult time relating to his peers and sharing. He may isolate, get aggressive, and be overpowering or bossy in order to help himself regulate and to control his sensory environment.
  • Uncooperative with activities of daily living: The youngster may have difficulty brushing his teeth, eating, participating in certain activities, getting dressed, going to bed, or taking a shower.

 ==> How To Prevent Meltdowns and Tantrums In Children With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's


A child's sensory sensitivities will indeed affect his or her behavior and general temperament, but the reverse can also be true (i.e., the child's temperament may affect how well or poorly he/she deals with sensory sensitivities). Here are 9 temperaments that may be associated with either sensory-seeking behaviors or sensory-avoidance:

1. Sensory Limit: This is related to how sensitive your youngster is to physical stimuli (e.g., sounds, tastes, touch, temperature changes, etc.), and refers to the amount of stimulation needed to elicit a response (positive or negative) in him or her. For example:
  • Is your youngster a picky eater, or will he eat almost anything?
  • Does he startle easily to sounds?
  • Does he respond positively or negatively to the feel of clothing?
  • Does your youngster react positively or negatively to particular sounds?

2. Predictability: This trait refers to the regularity of biological functions (e.g., appetite and sleep). For example, does your youngster get hungry or tired at predictable times, or is he or she unpredictable in terms of hunger and tiredness?

3. Perseverance: This is the length of time your youngster persists in activities in the face of difficulty. For example:
  • Is she able to wait to have her needs met?
  • Does she react strongly when interrupted in an activity?
  • Does she persist in an activity when she is asked to stop?
  • Does your youngster continue to work on a puzzle when she has problems with it, or does she just move on to another activity?

4. Disposition: This is the tendency to react to things primarily in either a positive or negative way. For example:
  • Is your youngster generally serious?
  • Is he generally in a happy mood, or does he tend to focus on the negative aspects of life?
  • Does your youngster see the glass as half full?
  • Does she focus on the positive aspects of life?

==> Parenting System that Significantly Reduces Defiant Behavior in Teens with Aspergers and High-Functioning Autism

5. Emotional Energy Level: This is the intensity of a response, whether positive or negative. For example:
  • Does your youngster get upset in a very strong and dramatic way, or does he just get quiet when upset?
  • Does he react strongly and loudly to everything - even relatively minor events - or do most things seem to roll off of his back?

6. Physical Energy Level: This refers to how active your youngster is in general. For example:
  • Is he always on the go, or does he prefer sedentary quiet activities?
  • Is your child content to sit and quietly watch?
  • Does she have difficulty sitting still?
  • Does your child seem to always wiggle, squirm or pace?

7. Attention Level: This is the degree of concentration and paying attention exhibited when your youngster is not particularly interested in an activity. This characteristic refers to the ease with which external stimuli hampers the ongoing behavior. For example:
  • Does he or she become sidetracked easily when attempting to follow routine or working on some activity?
  • Is your child easily distracted by sounds or sights?
  • Is your child easily soothed when upset by being offered an alternate activity?

8. Approach/Withdrawal: This refers to the youngster’s typical response to strangers or a new situation. For example, does she eagerly approach new situations or people, or does she seem hesitant and resistant when faced with new situations, people or things?

9. Flexibility: This is related to how easily the youngster adapts to changes and transitions (e.g., switching to a new activity). For example:
  • Does he take a long time to become comfortable in new situations?
  • Does he have difficulty with changes in routines, or with transitions from one activity to another?

Sensory processing difficulties in kids on the autism spectrum often have a significant impact on the parent-child relationship. A child experiencing these difficulties can react to his parents or his environment in ways that are unpredictable or seemingly irrational. For instance, a youngster who is overly-sensitive to stimuli can react negatively to the parent's voice or touch, or from a tag in his clothing. As a result, the parent can be confused by the youngster’s reactions - and experience a sense of incompetence in his or her parenting skills.

Moms and dads of kids with sensory processing difficulties report higher levels of parenting stress than parents of "typical" children. As sensory processing difficulties increase in severity, so does the level of parental stress.

Early identification of sensory processing difficulties, and an increase in referrals for occupational therapy, may lead to a reduction in childhood problems and parental stress. Also, new pathways for multi-disciplinary evaluation and treatment that emerge as the mental health field becomes more aware of the signs and symptoms of sensory processing difficulties in kids on the spectrum may lead to a reduction in childhood problems and parental stress.

==> More crucial parenting strategies for dealing with behavior problems in kids and teens on the autism spectrum...

Threats to Self-Esteem in Aspergers and High-Functioning Autistic Children



==> Need more help building your child's self-esteem and self-worth? Here are numerous parenting strategies on the topic...


More resources for parents of children and teens with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's:

==> How To Prevent Meltdowns and Tantrums In Children With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's

==> Parenting System that Significantly Reduces Defiant Behavior in Teens with Aspergers and High-Functioning Autism

==> Launching Adult Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Guide for Parents Who Want to Promote Self-Reliance

==> Teaching Social Skills and Emotion Management to Children and Teens with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism: Comprehensive Handbook

==> Unraveling The Mystery Behind Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Audio Book


==> Parenting System that Reduces Problematic Behavior in Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

Parents’ Rights When Their Child’s School Refuses to Conduct an Evaluation

“Do I have any rights if our school district refuses to do an evaluation on my son with high functioning autism? And what should I do if the school determines that he is not eligible for special education?”

Parents have a legal right to request that the public school evaluate their youngster for special education services. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) gives them that right. Through local school districts, each State must “identify, locate, and evaluate every child who may have a disability requiring special education services.”

If you suspect that your son has a disability, you have a right to request a full, comprehensive, individual, multi-disciplinary evaluation. You will need to request an evaluation in writing. Be sure to send copies to the principal and the coordinator of special education. Also, retain copies of all correspondence relating to your son, and follow up with the school principal on the status of your request.



Some States will not consider your letter as sufficient permission to evaluate. As an alternative, the State may require you to sign a school district form before considering an evaluation. The date of your signature on the form is the date used to establish the evaluation time-frame.

Below is a sample letter requesting an evaluation:

__________

Date

Dear (name of coordinator of special education),

My son, John Doe, is having a very difficult time understanding the classroom material and completing homework. I’m requesting that he be evaluated for special education services. John is a 5th grader in Ms. Simpsons classroom at Delaware Elementary School.

I understand that the information collected during current interventions with John will be completed, and a meeting will be set up within the timeline as required by federal law. My signature on this letter gives my consent for John’s evaluation. I look forward to hearing from you soon. I’m available by phone on any weekday between 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM.

Sincerely,

Parent signature

Parent name, address, phone number

__________


If the school district refuses to do an evaluation on your son, or if they conclude he is not eligible for special education services under IDEA, you still have other rights. You may be entitled to an independent evaluation at the school district’s expense, or you have the option to pay for an evaluation by a professional of your choice.

As part of the dispute-resolution process, you have the right to request mediation, to file for a due process hearing, or to file a complaint. When using these processes, your case is likely to be more convincing if informal methods of conflict resolution are tried first.

IDEA requires school systems to have procedures in place to assist you in resolving disputes through mediation. Mediation allows you and the school district to talk to an impartial mediator who guides the discussion and helps the parties to agree on legally binding solutions to the conflict (costs of mediation are paid for by the state education agency).

The state complaint process requires you to file a letter with the state education agency outlining the violation of Part B of IDEA. A copy of the complaint should be provided to the school district at the time the complaint is filed with the state education agency if the violation occurred in the school district.

IDEA gives you the right to challenge a school district’s decision through a due process proceeding. You may request a form from the state education agency to file an “IDEA due process complaint,” which typically has 5 steps:
  1. There may be a meeting called a “resolution session,” which provides an opportunity to discuss and resolve the problems in question. You and the school district can agree to waive the resolution session and use the mediation process as an alternative.
  2. If a resolution is reached, the parties will sign a legally binding agreement. If not, an impartial due process hearing can be arranged.
  3. The hearing process gives you the right to be represented by an attorney (which you must pay for), subpoena witnesses, present evidence, and cross examine witnesses. The “hearing officer” will make a decision on the matter.
  4. If you dispute the decision of the hearing officer, you can go to court with a civil suit.
  5. Even if your son is not eligible for special education services under IDEA, he may be protected by other laws: The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

A formal evaluation is one of the first steps in getting an High-Functioning Autistic youngster the school services he needs. The school must evaluate the youngster if it knows or suspects he has a disability, which covers many attention and learning problems. However, sometimes the school will refuse to do an evaluation. Use the steps listed above if that happens.

In summary:
  • Ask the school why it refused to evaluate.
  • Call a meeting with the school. 
  • Consider an independent educational evaluation. 
  • Contact a Parent Training and Information Center (PTI). 
  • File a due process complaint. 
  • Make sure your request was in writing. 
  • Request mediation. 
  • Talk to a lawyer or advocate. 
  • Consider filing a state complaint. 



Resources for parents of children and teens on the autism spectrum:
 
 
More articles for parents of children and teens on the autism spectrum:
 
Social rejection has devastating effects in many areas of functioning. Because the ASD child tends to internalize how others treat him, rejection damages self-esteem and often causes anxiety and depression. As the child feels worse about himself and becomes more anxious and depressed – he performs worse, socially and intellectually.

Click here to read the full article…

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Meltdowns are not a pretty sight. They are somewhat like overblown temper tantrums, but unlike tantrums, meltdowns can last anywhere from ten minutes to over an hour. When it starts, the Asperger's or HFA child is totally out-of-control. When it ends, both you and your child are totally exhausted. But... don’t breathe a sigh of relief yet. At the least provocation, for the remainder of that day -- and sometimes into the next - the meltdown can return in full force.

Click here for the full article...

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Although Aspergers [high-functioning autism] is at the milder end of the autism spectrum, the challenges parents face when disciplining a teenager on the spectrum are more difficult than they would be with an average teen. Complicated by defiant behavior, the teen is at risk for even greater difficulties on multiple levels – unless the parents’ disciplinary techniques are tailored to their child's special needs.

Click here to read the full article…

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Your older teenager or young “adult child” isn’t sure what to do, and he is asking you for money every few days. How do you cut the purse strings and teach him to be independent? Parents of teens with ASD face many problems that other parents do not. Time is running out for teaching their adolescent how to become an independent adult. As one mother put it, "There's so little time, yet so much left to do."

Click here to read the full article…

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Two traits often found in kids with High-Functioning Autism are “mind-blindness” (i.e., the inability to predict the beliefs and intentions of others) and “alexithymia” (i.e., the inability to identify and interpret emotional signals in others). These two traits reduce the youngster’s ability to empathize with peers. As a result, he or she may be perceived by adults and other children as selfish, insensitive and uncaring.

Click here
to read the full article...

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Become an expert in helping your child cope with his or her “out-of-control” emotions, inability to make and keep friends, stress, anger, thinking errors, and resistance to change.

Click here for the full article...
 
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A child with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) can have difficulty in school because, since he fits in so well, many adults may miss the fact that he has a diagnosis. When these children display symptoms of their disorder, they may be seen as defiant or disruptive.

Click here for the full article...

Is Aspergers (HFA) really a "disorder" or just a different cognitive style?




More resources for parents of children and teens with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's:

==> How To Prevent Meltdowns and Tantrums In Children With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's

==> Parenting System that Significantly Reduces Defiant Behavior in Teens with Aspergers and High-Functioning Autism

==> Launching Adult Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Guide for Parents Who Want to Promote Self-Reliance

==> Teaching Social Skills and Emotion Management to Children and Teens with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism: Comprehensive Handbook

==> Unraveling The Mystery Behind Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Audio Book


==> Parenting System that Reduces Problematic Behavior in Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

COMMENTS & QUESTIONS [for Jan., 2018]



Do you need some assistance in parenting your Aspergers or HFA child? Click here to use Mark Hutten, M.A. as your personal parent coach.

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Hello Mark. Just a quick note to thank you for your work.  I often share your links with the families I support.  You have a way of clarifying some issues that confound some of our parents.  As an autism parent, grandparent, and  individual working in this field, I appreciate being able to suggest professionals whose information is relevant and immediately helpful. Quick question:  do you ever travel out of the country to provide workshops or keynotes?  My manager welcomes our suggestions for  speakers for our ongoing professional training.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mr Hutten,

We may be going through this material at a snail's pace, but we ARE on it and we are doing the homework required ("I love you, Caleb!" before bed, asking open-ended questions, matter of factly saying, "I won't argue about this" and much more!)  But I have another question - Most of your students have diagnosed asperger kids. 

Kevin and I are going on guesswork and the incredible amount of feedback from our friends, teachers, employer, etc that thought he was already diagnosed and are shocked we didn't know he was on the spectrum!  That coupled with online tests we've looked at, plus how accurate your teaching material is to our situation and HOW IT HELPS (nothing else has helped like this has so far) make us believe we are on the right track.  But, we must live in the boonies because it is extremely complicated finding someone who can diagnose him for an affordable price (private places are charging hundreds of dollars!)  We were told only psychiatrists diagnose Aspergers only to have the psychiatrist emphatically say he does not diagnose Aspergers - he only diagnoses anxiety/ depression.  He didn't even know who to send us to.  Then, he put Caleb on Zoloft to help with his obsessive thinking.  He said we'll see how that goes and adjust as needed.  That bothers me.  I'd like to get to the root.

Having a diagnosis would help us get the right help for him instead of having him seem almost normal and live with extreme anxiety and depression because he feels like "a black man in a white world" - his description.

How can we get him diagnosed for a reasonable sum of money?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Hi, i am interested in a diagnosis. I believe I might have aspergers, maybe not. If I do, it is mild, because I am 39 and nobody has noticed it before. I did a test and scored 34, which stated I possibly have aspergers. Although there were some questions I thought we badly worded or not specific enough. I like in argentina and my spanish is probably not good enough to talk to a professional here. I think a skype session would be better. How much would this cost and is this even possible? Even if it is not an official diagnosis, knowing that I am on the right track might help.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I am a 31 year old guy with Asperger's. I am engaged to be married, and my fiancee is also on the spectrum. I have some major concerns re: our ability to communicate with each other.

She is good looking, she loves me unconditionally, she is socialable with other people, she is career minded, she loves the Lord like me, and whatever I struggle with, she is good at.

I really want our marriage to work out. However, I have often found it hard to maintain a good conversation with her. Not all the time, but when I try to talk about certain topics or share some of my interests with her, or try to encourage her to do something, she would just reply, "Yeah". Ironically, we seem to strike some good conversations with other normal people, though mine tends to be asking questions about them, and Emily gives a lot of detailed stuff about herself and us. I have tended too force my conversations with her and beat around the bush because it's hard to talk in a way that we can both click with each other socially.

Now we are both high functioning, so we do not struggle with all the same things that people with Autism might have trouble with.

We have our similarities. We both like Star Wars, have fun playing virtual reality at a VR lounge, going to the arcade, dancing, cooking, watching movies, all that good stuff. We are both hands-on learners.

Keep in mind that this email alone might not give you the whole story, but I would be more than happy to give you any information or questions that I can. I seemed to have been able to express myself well when I'm writing to someone or when I'm journaling, which is a skill I've recently discovered.

Please do not hesitate to ask me any questions, and I look forward to hearing back from you soon.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thank you for your work, I am a teacher with a 15 year old who is high functioning, funny and bright but is going to fail all his exams because he says he can't see the point in revising.

School has tried all those ways that you point out don't work!  Negotiating, punishing, heart to hearts.  We have now got to a stage where one teacher who has asked for help with him has been given a very hard time for not being able to manage his behaviour.

He has rolled around on the floor, screwed up a test in front of her face, talked loudly at her, he is constantly disturbing others learning, all this because he doesn't want to take his Spanish GCSE even though he is fluent in French and English.

He will come into my lesson and immediately look for attention, lying across two desks, wearing the class Xmas decorations on his head.  When you talk to him one to one he is reasonable and bright but there are so many subjects that are struggling with him (he will take his public exams in May June 2019).

Having skimmed through the ebook I have put a scheme in place where I can give him 1to1 attention for 15 mins 3 mornings a week have told him that there will be sanctions if he doesn't comply, he seems quite happy about this, he said 'as long as it gets my mum off my back'!  I think that mum and stepdad are very good but we all need to work together to get him through.

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Hi Mark,
I have just come across your website and wonder can you help ?
My son, Oscar is 13 and is refusing to go to school. We have tried rewards/consequences to encourage him to attend. Nothing has worked
When consequences are put in place he becomes angry and extremely aggressive. He bangs doors, breaks things. I am actually afraid to challenge him at this stage incase he hurts himself, my husband or me. He stays up most of the night on his phone or playstation. He sometimes self harms. When he gets angry he says he hates us and his language can be so hurtful and offensive.
 We have brought him to doctors, psychologists and also a psychiatrist. He is refusing to go to any form of counseling now. When thinks go his way he can be very kind, loving and affectionate
Any thoughts on what we should do as we are so upset and stressed at this stage ?

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Do you have a book which will help us support our son Matthew and his lovely Philopino wife Juliet. Matt is 47 yrs old married for 6 yrs with a son  (4yrs) doesn’t work,(although he is qualified aged care worker) on disability pension. He is increasingly displaying anxiety and paranoia related to police and people generally.
Matt rings us almost daily telling us that the police will be onto him because of some minor (or imagined/exaggerated ) incident. When we check with Juliet she says it’s ok nothing happened it’s a misinterpretation or he is suspicious-even of her sometimes.
There are no support organisations where he lives. Warwick Queensland Australia.
I hope you have a book for us.

We, Terry and I feel we have failed our son. Everyone else says we have done the very best by him with our love and care and it's time to turn the corner with him.  He is 20, Autistic/Asperger's Syndrome and now is a Transition Plus program in the Minneapolis Public School System.  He likes going to "school" and has timed getting up to just enough minutes to eat and get on the bus.  How else does a kid work, right?  I am 66 and Terry is 71 years old.  We are financially tight and am waiting for our son Dezi to be okayed for SS Disability.  We desperately need the money so we can charge him some room and board!  We have taken steps to get him into housing but he is so very incapable to take care of himself that we are unsure he can survive. Here's the clincher.  Dezi is not responsible in the home, has stolen from us and lies constantly.  We understand much about Autistic children and what the are like to these things do not surprise us, we are just tired of it and we can't seem to get him to understand how devastating the habit will be on his life.   Dezi is computer dependent and spends at least 4 hours/day at a library in our neighborhood  three evenings a week and all day Saturday and Sunday. Therefore, his bodily functions are not good and when he comes home to eat, it he eats too fast he throws up.  Physically, he looks like a zombie.  Hopefully, some time in the near future we would like to move out of our house into a home that doesn't require upkeep, etc.  My dream, we could send Dezi away to a dream Christian ranch where he could work his buns off everyday to learn that he can live without a computer and earn an income. 
I could add more, but then I would be writing a book.

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Dear Parenting Aspergers Children - Support Group,
My name is Cassie Short and I am a PhD student in the Psychology department at the University of Bolton, under the supervision of Dr Pedro Vital.
I am writing to you as my research interest is focused on the facilitation of social processing in children who have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), and I am looking to recruit children with ASC between the ages of 7-11 years old and a parent/guardian to take part in my study.
This research aims to show that findings can be different if social functioning is measured in a more natural way. I will compare the child's behaviour and brain activity during a real interaction, compared to during a computer-based social task. I hope for the results of this study to encourage future research to use more realistic methods and therefore produce findings that better reflect children with autism.
It is really important that research, which can have many practical applications for autistic individuals, is achieving a valid reflection of ASC.

Please would be possible for you to distribute the attached image via your Facebook page, allowing parents to contact me to discuss participation if they are interested?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I am very much interested in purchasing your eBook, and making use of the Parent coaching service.
The reason I hesitate, and would like to ask you if it is appropriate for my situation, is due to the dx of my son, and his age.

Robert is 33 yrs old, but acts very much like a young teen. He has Aspergers, ADHD, and borderline PDD, but has a spacial IQ of 160.
He was out of my care from age 10 to just 6 months ago.   Will your program be effective with the co-morbid conditions. He also is a compulsive eater. He is morbidly obese, and we have to lock the food up, but he still manages to steal and horde food, and he was lying about it, but I have at least gotten him to admit if asked directly about a food item. He will not volunteer that he has stolen food from others in the house.  

To be honest I feel like I am in over my head each time he steals food, or tells me what he would like the truth to be, rather than the truth.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mark,

I am at my wit's end. Our daughter Sienna is 9 years old and in third grade. She is a very high functioning Aspergers child. As a matter of fact, until we requested an IEP for school, no other therapist, psychologist etc. she had worked with before ever even looked into autism. She has had melt downs since the toddler years. Sienna is adopted and both birth mother and birth father were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and ADHD, so every professional she saw tended toward that diagnosis. But we knew, that wasn't it.
It was eye-opening when the IEP team extended the testing to test for autism. I did a lot of my own research and by now strongly feel, that Aspergers is the correct diagnosis for Sienna.
Sienna is highly communicative. She maintains good eye contact. She is very loving (as a matter of fact personal boundaries are a constant issue) She is capable of empathy. She gets humor and sarcasm. She is a very happy girl, who wants to be helpful, can compromise and will mind me most of the time ( it just takes explaining and it needs to make sense to her). She understands rules of social behavior and in general is a rule person. We have worked with several anger books to try to help her with meltdowns. As long as she is calm, she understands the techniques, will practice them, and can explain how she should react/what she could do to calm down.
However, when she goes into sensory overload, Sienna looses all impulse control. And when she is in a melt down, obviously all anger controlling techniques etc. are out the door.
We are seeing a homeopath once a week for scio bio feedback and just added PEMF treatments as well. Sienna has made a lot of progress and at home we have very few issues. If she starts getting upset, she might scream at me in anger, but then will usually run off to find time to compose herself instead of going into complete melt downs like before.
However, at school Sienna is basically in a constant sensory overload, which results in little to no impulse control. By now she has designated huggers (teachers and aids, she can hug, if she asks and does it appropriately) But quite often she gets excited and still pounces on fellow students, squeezes them too tight, won't let go off them. Blurting out during class and making loud animal sounds is also a problem. Sienna gets easily frustrated with school work, especially when it involves writing, which she has a difficult time with, and it can quickly cause her to melt down.
Several times the whole class had to be evacuated, because Sienna had melt downs in the class room, which can include throwing over chairs, throwing papers, books etc. all over the place, and unfortunately eventually going for the computers etc. The first indication that Sienna is in a melt down is usual that she hisses at everybody who approaches her, but at that point she usually already is at the point of no return. Her aggressions are mainly directed at the adult who steps in, not other students. Triggers usually are frustration with school work, feeling treated unfairly, having a sub in the room instead of her teacher, teasing from other children, and trying to put her snow gear on and the pant legs running up, sweater bundling up etc.
So much for the introduction.
As I said, the adults who step in when Sienna displays inappropriate behavior are the target of her aggression (thank goodness usually not the other children!) If they try to remove her from the situation and guide her to the special ed room, Sienna becomes very aggressive, kicking, hitting, scratching, sometimes biting and occasionally even spitting. Once in the room it often escalates even further. If possible I'm contacted to come in.
The only way to reach her at this point usually is to get her mind thinking of something completely. different.(Or if she hurts herself and cries. Crying always immediately ends the melt down) Sienna's reaction to me depends on the severity of the melt down. Sometimes I can easily distract her and once she starts talking to me the melt down is over (and basically forgotten). Other times like today, she turns her aggression towards me too, running at me, kicking me, yelling at me etc. I talk and talk and talk calmly about anything I think might catch her interest, until she finally reacts and starts talking to me. Again...melt down over. She cleans up the mess she created and basically will act as if nothing happened. I usually give her some time to decompose before talking to her about the situation, trying to find other solutions, pointing out the consequences of her behavior for her, for me, for other people involved.
I can tell the principal and the paraprofessionals are getting (understandably) very frustrated with this situation. Luckily Sienna has an outstanding teacher, who totally gets her and will support her in any way possible.
Do you have any advice on how these situations could be avoided or turned around? Again, it's usually similar scenarios. Sienna goes into sensory overload. Impulse control goes out the door. She behaves unacceptably. Teachers, principle and paraprofessionals move in to remove her from the situation. Sienna turns her aggression towards them, refuses to be removed and goes into melt down.
Today she spat right into a paraprofessional's face, tried to bite the principle, kicked at everybody and by the time I go to the office, there were paper slips, gloves etc. spewn all over the place. I was horrified (even though it's nothing I haven't seen before) and feel terrible about Sienna's behavior. Once I was finally able to snap her out of the melt down, and took her home, she is calm, happy as a clam and does not really understand why I am upset and sad.
Any input is highly appreciated! Sorry about the length of this e-mail, but I figured you needed as much info as possible.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Hello,

I just read about your book and am planning to order it. I do have a question. My daughter is 19 and struggling. She had an IEP in school and has seen (is seeing) a therapist. Nothing seems to help. Now she has been diagnosed with depression and anxiety. She is about to start an intensive outpatient treatment for that.

I am a single parent and confide in my sisters and friends. Everyone thinks I should be able to find a support group for “kids like her”. I have looked for social skills support groups and do not find anything. I think there are some groups for lower functioning people. Do you have any suggestions or thoughts about it?

I have been trying to do all this on my own for many years. I do not feel I am equipped to give her the proper help. That’s the reason I am purchasing your book. But do you know if any groups or programs?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Dear Mark Hutton,

I came across some of your articles online as I am currently pressing for research on growing up with Aspie parents as an NT child.

Thus far I have approached various UK institutions but all I have received is an ‘interested’ response and lack of acknowledgment that this is a very serious issue.
However Tony Attwood has responded and is happy to be part of any research. He has made notes on a sons and daughter of autistic parents group that he runs in Australia.

I have had contact with other people like myself around the globe who are equally frustrated at the sheer lack of interest, compounding the very nature of the problem — no one is listening or cares.
One individual in particular has been seriously trolled online by people on the spectrum for speaking out about his experience. As I believe you may have experienced?

Below are some more recent emails I have sent to the autism research centre UK but have come to another brick wall.

Have you any suggestions about what could be done and might you be prepared to take part in research if ever a break through is made?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I was wondering whether you could help. I met this guy back in August 2017, and we hit it off and had a fab two months. He was loving, caring, affectionate and attentive and then things started to slow down from mid-October and I started to see him less and message came through less. Granted he has many businesses and he is high functioning and got extremely busy but the last time I saw him was December 1st 2017. I’ve been messaging and pushing to meet but he keeps saying he has a lot on and all he does is work and he has to complete what he has to and his objectives are important and he doesn’t have time and he will meet me when he is not busy.

I asked if in his mind we are a couple and he said yes (even though I haven’t seen him I. Two months). Then on Friday I really pushed the buttons and I got frustrated and wanted an answer and kept pushing and he said find it’s over I can’t have a relationship now I am very busy and under immense stress.

I haven’t spoken to him since Friday and I really miss him and I don’t want to give up but should I just walk away considering what he wrote below;

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Hi Mark,

I hope you had a nice weekend. Sorry for the email, but I need a sounding board. Maybe I am making excuses here, I dont even have confirmation that he is on the spectrum its wha he has told me.

He seems to be socialising and going out with others and in fact his company hosted a gala dinner awards ceremony Monday evening, yet when it comes to me he is too busy and doesn’t have time. I will be honest and say i dont know what to believe anymore. Is he just a pathological liar or is he being honest and this really is aspergers? If so, then why can he socialise with everyone else ‘in the name of work’ but is not making time to see me. And why is he afraid to just say if has lost interest ?

I feel like every interaction I am having with him these days irritates him and makes him more distant.. so I het upset and ask for my guitar back so i have  no attachment and then he makes excuses about being busy and not having time for me to collect it. I really dont know what to think or feel anymore. I have tied being nice, tried giving space, tried being honest and tried to end it and nothing seems to work. He says he is in work mode, but yet can update social media and make comments and likes on there.

Is he just being a guy, lying to me and playing mind games and leading me on? Is he seeing another woman ? Please help me, i feel so overwhelmed and lost. I just dont know what else to try anymore.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Hi Mark,

Thank you for the program, I am finding it very helpful.

At a few points in the program you reference "reasonable parental expectations". 

Between my wife and I, I was the more indulgent parent, and we are on week 2 and making some dramatic changes to get our 16 yo daughter back on track.  She has always been strong willed, but she was doing great in high school.  Playing two sports, in the marching band, active in clubs, volunteering and getting straight As.  Then through a series of events over a few weeks, she got derailed and then started acting out.  The primary problem that brought us to you was curfew.  She would not come home at a reasonable hour.  Assertive parenting seems to be paying off as she is taking the curfew seriously now (fingers crossed, we are only on week 2).

However, my wife now wants to pick battles in areas which I don't consider "reasonable".  We no longer give our daughter money, she has to earn it doing chores.  So she did a chore, and got some money and then took that and bought a 2-liter bottle of soda and a box of fruit snacks.  My wife is bothered by what our daughter chose to buy. We have bigger problems. Our daughter hasn't even started going to school regularly yet.

So first, I'd like to say the choice of sugary snacks isn't currently on our list of top priorities.  Our daughter isn't overweight or diabetic or have any medical condition that makes this more unhealthy than for a typical person.  Am I in the wrong on this?

Secondly, I question whether a food choice purchased with earned money is a "reasonable" parental request for a 16 yo.  I feel like a contributing factor to my daughter's sudden rebellion is the cumulative effect of my wife making too many demands on my daughter's behavior and so we should be prioritizing important demands first, and accepting some small behaviors that make us uncomfortable, but are not a big deal in the grand scheme of things.  You do a great job of explaining things.  Do you have any guidance on what is a "reasonable" expectation and what is unreasonable?

Kids on the Autism Spectrum Who Talk Excessively about Special Interests




==> Here's more information on dealing with problematic behavior associated with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism...



More resources for parents of children and teens with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's:

==> How To Prevent Meltdowns and Tantrums In Children With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's

==> Parenting System that Significantly Reduces Defiant Behavior in Teens with Aspergers and High-Functioning Autism

==> Launching Adult Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Guide for Parents Who Want to Promote Self-Reliance

==> Teaching Social Skills and Emotion Management to Children and Teens with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism: Comprehensive Handbook

==> Unraveling The Mystery Behind Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Audio Book


==> Parenting System that Reduces Problematic Behavior in Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

Self-Test: Does Your Child on the Autism Spectrum Have a Learning Disability?

“I think my son with autism (high functioning) may have a learning disability. How can I know for sure? And what should I do about it?”

Many kids with Asperger’s and High-Functioning Autism have difficulty with writing, reading comprehension, or other learning-related tasks, but this doesn’t necessarily mean they have a learning disability. A youngster with a learning disability often has several related signs, which persist over time. The signs of a disability vary from child to child.

Each learning disability has its own signs. Also, not every child with a particular disability will have ALL of the signs. Common indicators include:
  • Difficulty finding the right way to say something
  • Difficulty listening well
  • Difficulty remembering
  • Difficulty staying on task (i.e., easily distracted)
  • Difficulty with concepts related to time
  • Difficulty with reading and/or writing
  • Immature way of speaking
  • Impulsive behavior
  • Inappropriate responses in school or social situations
  • Inconsistent school performance
  • Poor coordination
  • Problems paying attention
  • Problems staying organized
  • Problems understanding words or concepts
  • Problems with math skills
  • Trouble following directions

Here are some common learning disabilities and the signs associated with them:


Dyspraxia—

A child with dyspraxia has problems with motor tasks (e.g., hand-eye coordination) that can interfere with learning. Other symptoms of dyspraxia include:
  • Trouble with tasks that require hand-eye coordination (e.g., coloring within the lines, assembling puzzles, cutting precisely, etc.)
  • Sensitivity to touch (e.g., irritation over certain clothing textures)
  • Sensitivity to loud and/or repetitive noises (e.g., ticking of a clock)
  • Problems organizing oneself and one's things
  • Poor balance
  • Breaking things

 ==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism

Dysgraphia—

Dysgraphia is characterized by problems with writing, which cause a youngster to be tense and awkward when holding a pen or pencil to the extent of contorting his body. The youngster with very poor handwriting that he does not outgrow may have dysgraphia. Other signs of Dysgraphia include:
  • Trouble writing down thoughts in a logical sequence
  • Trouble writing down ideas
  • Saying words out loud while writing
  • Problems with grammar
  • Leaving words unfinished or omitting them when writing sentences
  • A strong dislike of writing 
  • A quick loss of interest while writing

Dyscalculia—

Signs of this disorder include problems understanding basic math concepts (e.g., fractions, number lines, positive and negative numbers, etc.). Other symptoms include:
  • Trouble with understanding the time sequence of events
  • Trouble recognizing logical information sequences (e.g., steps in math problems)
  • Trouble making change in cash transactions
  • Messiness in putting math problems on paper
  • Difficulty with verbally describing math processes
  • Difficulty with math-related word problems



Dyslexia—

Children with dyslexia usually have trouble making the connections between letters and sounds. They also have difficulty with spelling and recognizing words. Other signs include:
  • Trouble learning foreign languages
  • Trouble distinguishing left from right
  • Slowness in learning songs and rhymes
  • Slow reading
  • Poor spelling
  • Poor self-expression (e.g., saying "thing" or "stuff" for words not recalled)
  • Giving up on longer reading tasks
  • Failure to fully understand what others are saying
  • Difficulty understanding questions and following directions
  • Difficulty recalling numbers in sequence (e.g., telephone numbers and addresses)
  • Difficulty organizing written and spoken language
  • Difficulty learning new vocabulary (either through hearing or reading)
  • Delayed ability to speak

30 - 50 % of children with ADHD have a learning disability. The reverse is true, too. 30 – 50 % with a learning disability have ADHD. If a youngster has been diagnosed with ADHD and continues to have problems academically, he or she may a learning disability.

==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism

Below is a self-test that will give parents clues about whether or not their youngster has a learning disability.

Preschool:
  • My youngster has problems with remembering routines, information, and multiple instructions.
  • My youngster has poor physical coordination and uneven motor development (e.g., delays in learning to run, color, use scissors, etc.).
  • My youngster has delays in socialization (e.g., playing with - and responding to - his peer group).
  • My youngster has communication problems (e.g., slow language development, difficulty with speech).
  • He finds it hard to understand what is being said or communicating his thoughts to others.



Kindergarten to 4th Grade:
  • My youngster loses work she has done or forgets to turn it into the educator.
  • My youngster is challenged when it comes to doing math.
  • My youngster has trouble with reading comprehension.
  • She has problems forming letters and numbers.
  • She has problems with basic spelling and grammar.
  • My youngster has trouble understanding oral instructions.
  • He has difficulty expressing himself verbally.
  • My youngster has trouble organizing information, materials (e.g., notebook, binder, papers), and concepts.
  • My youngster has trouble blending sounds and letters to sound out words.
  • She has trouble remembering familiar words by sight.
  • My youngster has problems with rapid letter recognition and with learning phonemes (i.e., individual units of sound).
  • He has difficulty remembering facts.

5th and 6th Grades:
  • My youngster finds it hard to stay organized in school.
  • He loses personal belongings, papers, assignments, or forgets to turn them in.
  • My youngster has difficulty learning new math concepts and successfully applying them.
  • She has difficulty organizing her thoughts for written work.
  • My youngster is challenged when it comes to reading material independently.
  • He has trouble retaining what he read.

Middle School: 
  • My youngster has difficulty with time management, organization, and developing learning strategies.
  • My youngster has trouble retaining what was read (i.e., reading fluency).
  • He has difficulty organizing and writing answers on papers and tests (i.e., writing fluency).
  • He has problems mastering more advanced math concepts.

High School:
  • My youngster has increased difficulty with time planning and organization as more independent work is expected.
  • My youngster has increased difficulty with writing papers, reading assignments, and understanding math concepts.

If parents agree with a majority of the statements above, they should discuss their concerns with their child’s educator(s). Most public schools use a 3-tier model for evaluation:
  1. The educator observes the youngster. If she or he agrees with the parent’s concerns, a special-education teacher will observe the youngster in class.
  2. Modified teaching strategies will be tried.
  3. If the special-education teacher agrees, a formal evaluation will be done to determine if the child has a learning disability.

If the youngster’s educator does not respond to parents’ concerns, they should speak with the principal. If the youngster is in a private school, parents are entitled to speak to the principal of the public school their youngster would have gone to and request help.


Resources for parents of children and teens on the autism spectrum:
 

==> Videos for Parents of Children and Teens with ASD
 
----------
 

What I Want You, My Child's Teacher, To Know

The Pros and Cons of Homeschooling a Child with ASD Level 1

“I’m considering homeschooling my 8-year-old daughter who has high-functioning autism. She was going to a private school that focuses too much on Christian indoctrination. Public school isn’t an option. We’ve been that route before with disastrous results. Also, with the virus issue, I'm not even sure what the schools are going to do in the fall. I’m not doubting my ability to teach, I’m just not sure whether or not it’s the right thing to do. Should I do it?”

Home-schooling is a popular educational alternative, especially if you are tired of nagging school officials to accommodate your ASD level 1 or High-Functioning Autistic youngster. But, there are some important factors to consider before making the decision to home-school. For example:
  • What are the home-schooling laws in your state? Some states require the home-schooling parent to have a level of education.
  • How will you arrange to meet your child's socialization needs? Does she have opportunities to play and learn with other children in the neighborhood, in a scout group, at church, etc.? 
  • How does your spouse feel about home-schooling? It can be very difficult to home-school on a long-term basis without approval and support from your child's other parent.
  • Can you afford it? The decision to home-school results in limited income potential for the primary home-schooling parent.



Another part of the decision-making process would be to look at the pros and cons of home-schooling.

Let’s look at a few of the advantages of home-schooling:
  • provides a high teacher-student ratio for the child
  • promotes good communication and emotional closeness within a family
  • prevents premature parent-child separation, avoiding inappropriate pressure on kids 
  • allows the child to have time to pursue her special interests and talents 
  • creates/maintains positive sibling relationships 
  • child often enjoys unlimited educational resources; the world is her classroom, and resources abound in the community 
  • child will likely view parents as an integrated part of her world and as natural partners in learning
  • child can become an independent thinker who is secure in her own convictions
  • child is largely free from peer pressure
  • home-schooled children are usually comfortable interacting with people of all ages
  • research shows that the two most important factors in reading and overall educational success are positive home influence and parental involvement; home-schooling provides both
  • child is allowed to mature at her own speed
  • family values and beliefs are central to academic development
  • family life revolves around its own needs and priorities rather than the demands of school
  • child’s education can be tailored to her unique interests, pace, and learning style

Now let’s look at a few of the disadvantages:
  • If you have had frequent power-struggles to get your child to do homework when she was in public school, you need to be prepared for those struggles as a home-schooler.
  • Know that public school teachers may have a better education than you do. You may simply be unprepared to be the “go-to” person for everything under the sun. Thus, you must be willing to do the research if a question can't be answered on the spot.
  • Not being able to learn with peers, and not being able to associate and congregate with other students the same age can lead to some developmental problems in your child.
  • The cost of homeschooling can start to come into play when you purchase textbooks and teaching materials. Further costs come into play when you consider the opportunity cost of a parent staying home, and not bringing in a second income for the family. 
  • There will likely be a lot of frustration coming from your youngster when you are covering hard subjects. When she gets flustered, you can't allow yourself to do the same. You must be able to separate at times the role of parent and educator.
  • Understand that you will be teaching year-round, and that it really is going to be a full-time job. Thus, you will need to treat it like one, and not like a free pass from getting a public paid job.
  • You may need to spend some time with a particular subject so you can get to the point where you can “teach” that subject.

RE: "Should I do it?"

Take this short quiz:
  1. Are you frustrated with the school system?
  2. Are you seeing your daughter’s love for learning starting to wane?
  3. Do you and your daughter spend more than 90 minutes a day on homework?
  4. Do you enjoy adding creativity and fun to your daughter’s day, but find that creativity had to stop once she started heading off to school?
  5. Do you have a daughter who is exceptionally bright?
  6. Is she currently bored in school? 
  7. Is she struggling in school?
  8. Do you want to instill faith and values into your daughter?
  9. Do you (or will you) work less than 20 hours per week outside the home?
  10. Has your daughter become discouraged and/or started calling himself dumb?
  11. Have you lost the ability to be spontaneous due to tight schedules?
  12. Would you like to have more control over your daughter’s education?

If you answered “yes” to most of the above, then home-schooling is likely to be a good option for you and your child.





Before taking the leap into the world of homeschooling, be sure to pick the brains of a few parents who are currently doing it. Inquire about what they found that works – and what didn’t. What were some of the early mistakes they made, and how can you avoid making those same mistakes? How about cost?  Make a list of questions and get the advice from at least three other home-schoolers before making your decision.

Many of the members of our support group home-school their children. I'm sure they would be happy to offer some advice to those parents who are considering going this route. CLICK HERE to join.


==> More information on special teaching considerations for children on the spectrum can be found here...


More resources for parents of children and teens with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's:

==> How To Prevent Meltdowns and Tantrums In Children With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's

==> Parenting System that Significantly Reduces Defiant Behavior in Teens with Aspergers and High-Functioning Autism

==> Launching Adult Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Guide for Parents Who Want to Promote Self-Reliance

==> Teaching Social Skills and Emotion Management to Children and Teens with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism

==> Parenting Children and Teens with High-Functioning Autism: Comprehensive Handbook

==> Unraveling The Mystery Behind Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism: Audio Book

==> Parenting System that Reduces Problematic Behavior in Children with Asperger's and High-Functioning Autism
 
 
COMMENTS:

•    Anonymous said… Christian doctrine may well lead her to a life of love, compassion, hope, faith and the fullness of life. Lord Jesus we trust in you!
•    Anonymous said… Go for it! I homeschooled my 2 boys (1 adhd and 1 aspergers)for a year and a half. They decided before christmas they wanted to try school again and both have settled really well back really well x
•    Anonymous said… I enrolled my hfa son in virtual school. In our state it's a free public option. I couldn't stomach the idea of him attended public middle school. The bullying was already bad. He graduated South Carolina Connections Academy high school with honors. I was very happy with it. I do wish I had been able to get him more social interaction but it was way more interacting than he wanted so I'll take it. He took a year off to focus on his personal growth and will start college this summer.
•    Anonymous said… I started homeschooling my then 6 year old hfa son midway through 1st grade in a public school. He was absolutely miserable with the sensory overload and was being bullied (in 1st grade!) He was also beginning to get in trouble a lot in school for "defiance" and meltdowns. I have beem homeschooling him using an online program for the past year and he has never been happier and more interested in learning. At first I tried a more traditional workbooks and written lessons. That did not work at all for him. It was a bit of a rocky start at first, but once we got into a routine of the online learning he has really been thriving. I do hope to mainstream him back into school through a partial homeschool/charter school option next year. I also send him to extracurricular STEM school classes and he loves it and gets to interact with other kids who have similar interests (because I do worry about lack of social interaction). It was a tough decision to make at first and I am sure what is right for one child may not be for another, but it has really been a positive thing for my son.
•    Anonymous said… IF I could afford a private school, I would do so, in a heartbeat. I know I'm not equipped , in any way, to effectively homeschool .
•    Anonymous said… Is a Charter School an option?
•    Anonymous said… is a free online homeschooling website that I use for my daughter, who has Aspergers, & I highly recommend it, as she's learning more now than ever! 
•    Anonymous said… It is online school with certified teachers and curriculum provided by an accredited school but administered at home with a parent learning coach. Here is the link to the one my son attended.
•    Anonymous said… Our hfa is enrolled in AZVA. A virtual public school. Her grades have improved sooo much! We are lucky hete to have a brick and mortar building option also and there are only 10 pupils in her classroom.
•    Anonymous said… Same situation here. I pulled him out last September and have seen nothing but gains and progress. Do it if you can! And don't doubt your ability to do it. There is so much support and help out there. This can work!
•    Anonymous said… We have done cyber charter school for 8th and 9th grade and it has been a good alternative to the regular school. He goes to a social skills group to get some interaction with peers.
•    Anonymous said… We've homeschooled, (my 11 year old Aspie and her younger brother 8) since the beginning. It's hard work, but I know its been the best thing for all of us. She wouldn't have it any other way. A bonus is that she is pretty close with her younger brother because they spend school days together, a regular phenomenon of homeschooling, and I think they learn a lot from each other.
•    Anonymous said… What exactly is virtual school, and how does it work. I've heard of it before, but when I Googled it, the results were extremely overwhelming.

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The Challenges Faced by Teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

As the incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continues to rise, it has become increasingly important to understand the challenges face...